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- Agrobacterium
is not alone:
gene transfer
to plants by
viruses and
other
bacteria.: Trends Plant
Sci, Vol. 11,
No. 1.
(January
2006), pp.
1-4.Agrobacter
ium-mediated
genetic
transformation
is the most
widely used
technology for
obtaining the
overexpression
of recombinant
proteins in
plants.
However,
complex patent
issues related
to the use of
Agrobacterium
as a tool for
plant genetic
engineering
and the
general
requirement of
establishing
transgenic
plants can
create
obstacles in
using this
technology for
speedy
research and
development
and for
agricultural
improvements
in many plant
species.
Recent studies
addressing
these issues
have shown
that
virus-based
vectors can be
efficiently
used for high
transient
expression of
foreign
proteins in
transfected
plants and
that
non-Agrobacter
ium bacterial
species can be
used for the
production of
transgenic
plants, laying
the foundation
for
alternative
tools for
future plant
biotechnology.
Source: Trends Plant Sci, Vol. 11, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 1-4. - The role of
RNA stability
during
bacterial
stress
responses and
starvation.
Minireview: Environmental
Microbiology,
Vol. 2, No. 4.
(2000), pp.
355-365.
Source: Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 2, No. 4. (2000), pp. 355-365. - Stationary
Phase-Specific
mRNAs
inEscherichia
coliAre
Polyadenylated: Biochemical
and
Biophysical
Research
Communications
, Vol. 239,
No. 1. (9
October 1997),
pp.
46-50.Polyaden
ylation
ofEscherichia
colispecific
mRNAs has so
far been
studied
primarily
during the
exponential
phase of
growth. As
part of an
investigation
of the
polyadenylatio
n ofE.
colimRNAs in
different
physiological
contexts, we
studied mRNA
polyadenylatio
n in
stationary
phase by
preparing a
cDNA library
from
stationary
phase RNA
using
oligodeoxythym
idylate
primers and
analyzing the
nucleotide
sequence of
cDNA clones
corresponding
to the
stationary
phase-specific
genes,rpoS,
bolA,anddps.Th
e sites of
polyadenylatio
n were found
to be
primarily in
the
3?-untranslate
d region,
either at the
putative
rho-independen
t
transcription
termination
site (dps) or
at several
different
sites upstream
of the
putative
rho-independen
t terminator.
A few examples
of
polyadenylatio
n within the
coding regions
were also
found,
suggesting
that
nucleolytic
degradation
often preceded
polyadenylatio
n. In contrast
to the poly(A)
tracts
characteristic
of
exponentially
growing cells,
many of the
uncoded
poly(A) tracts
associated
with
stationary
phase mRNA
were
interspersed
with other
nucleotide
residues. The
observation of
post-transcrip
tional
polyadenylatio
n of specific
stationary
phase mRNAs
inE. coli,some
of which are
transcribed by
the RNA
polymerase
associated
with [sigma]s,
demonstrates
that mRNA
polyadenylatio
n is not
confined to
the
exponential
phase of
growth.
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 239, No. 1. (9 October 1997), pp. 46-50. - Complexation
of Uranium by
Cells and
S-Layer Sheets
of Bacillus
sphaericus
JG-A12: Appl. Environ.
Microbiol.,
Vol. 71, No.
9. (1
September
2005), pp.
5532-5543.Baci
llus
sphaericus
JG-A12 is a
natural
isolate
recovered from
a uranium
mining waste
pile near the
town of
Johanngeorgens
tadt in
Saxony,
Germany. The
cells of this
strain are
enveloped by a
highly ordered
crystalline
proteinaceous
surface layer
(S-layer)
possessing an
ability to
bind uranium
and other
heavy metals.
Purified and
recrystallized
S-layer
proteins were
shown to be
phosphorylated
by
phosphoprotein
-specific
staining,
inductive
coupled plasma
mass
spectrometry
analysis, and
a colorimetric
method. We
used extended
X-ray
absorption
fine-structure
(EXAFS)
spectroscopy
to determine
the structural
parameters of
the uranium
complexes
formed by
purified and
recrystallized
S-layer sheets
of B.
sphaericus
JG-A12. In
addition, we
investigated
the
complexation
of uranium by
the vegetative
bacterial
cells. The
EXAFS analysis
demonstrated
that in all
samples
studied, the
U(VI) is
coordinated to
carboxyl
groups in a
bidentate
fashion with
an average
distance
between the U
atom and the C
atom of 2.88
+/- 0.02 A and
to phosphate
groups in a
monodentate
fashion with
an average
distance
between the U
atom and the P
atom of 3.62
+/- 0.02 A.
Transmission
electron
microscopy
showed that
the uranium
accumulated by
the cells of
this strain is
located in
dense deposits
at the cell
surface.
Source: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Vol. 71, No. 9. (1 September 2005), pp. 5532-5543. - Poly(A)
polymerase
activity and
RNA
polyadenylatio
n in
Streptomyces
coelicolor
A3(2): Molecular
Microbiology,
Vol. 40, No.
5. (2001), pp.
1155-1164.The
Streptomyces
coelicolor
genome
sequence was
searched for
open reading
frames (ORFs)
similar to
Escherichia
coli poly(A)
polymerase I,
revealing an
ORF with 36%
amino acid
sequence
identity to
that protein.
Mycelial
extracts
prepared from
S. coelicolor
cultures
incorporated
radioactive
ATP into an
acid-insoluble
form, and some
of the
products of
this
incorporation
had the
properties
expected of
poly(A).
[3H]-uridine
and
[3H]-adenosine
were used to
label the RNA
in S.
coelicolor
cultures of
different
ages, and
total RNA was
fractionated
by oligo dT
cellulose
chromatography
.
Approximately
3% of the
total
uridine-labell
ed RNA and 11%
of the
adenosine-labe
lled RNA were
retained by
the oligo dT
cellulose
columns.
Enzymatic
digestion of
the retained
RNA supported
the conclusion
that a
significant
fraction of
the adenosine
label was
present in
3'-poly(A)
chains.
Measurement of
poly(A) tail
lengths by end
labelling of
total RNA and
RNase
digestion
revealed a
maximum length
of = 18
residues.
Radioactive
cDNA prepared
from the RNA
fraction
retained by
oligo dT
cellulose
hybridized to
the 16S and
23S genes from
a
streptomycete
ribosomal RNA
operon but not
to the 5S
gene. Reverse
transcription-
polymerase
chain reaction
(RT-PCR)
revealed the
presence of
mRNAs in the
RNA fraction
retained by
oligo dT
cellulose.
Source: Molecular Microbiology, Vol. 40, No. 5. (2001), pp. 1155-1164.
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